Class: A blueprint that defines the structure and behavior of objects.

Object: An instance of a class.

Encapsulation: The process of hiding the implementation details of an object and exposing only the necessary information.

Inheritance: The ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class.

Polymorphism: The ability of a class to take on multiple forms or have multiple behaviors.

Abstraction: The process of simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts.

Interface: A collection of abstract methods that defines a contract for the behavior of a class.

Method overloading: The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in a class.

Method overriding: The ability to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by a parent class in a subclass.

Composition: The process of building complex objects by combining simpler objects or components.

Association: A relationship between two classes where one class has a reference to an instance of another class.

Aggregation: A specialized form of association where one class owns or contains another class, but the contained class can exist independently of the owner.

Dependency: A relationship between two classes where one class depends on another class to perform a specific task.

Polymorphic references: The ability to refer to an object using a reference of its parent class or interface type.